Postmodernism has been criticized for its relativism, making it challenging to establish objective truths or standards (Young, 1997). Critics argue this can lead to a lack of shared values and a communication breakdown (McGowan, 1991). Additionally, some find postmodernism's focus on deconstruction and skepticism towards 'metanarratives' to be excessively skeptical, potentially hindering meaningful discussion or social progress. The rejection of 'grand narratives' has also been seen by some as promoting a sense of nihilism or apathy (Slocombe, 2003). Critics suggest that postmodernism's emphasis on individual perspectives might undermine efforts to address broader social issues.
"Community," a TV show created by Dan Harmon, often plays with postmodern themes and meta-commentary on storytelling. The show embraces self-awareness and deconstruction of traditional narrative structures (PBS Digital Studios - YouTube. 2013). The character of Abed Nadir, for instance, expresses postmodern ideas by frequently commenting on the show's existence and acknowledging it as a television series. The show's diverse characters and constantly shifting genres reflect a postmodern approach, challenging conventional expectations (Sparksman, 2020). However, some argue that 'Community' maintains a balance by incorporating traditional storytelling elements and character development, which avoids a complete nihilism or relativism experience. In its essence, 'Community' provides a platform for exploring postmodern ideas within the context of a sitcom, allowing viewers to engage with both the deconstruction of storytelling norms and the emotional arcs of its well-thought-out characters.
Throughout history, artists have displayed trends that align with postmodern ideologies despite the formal/academic conceptualization of postmodernism emerging in the mid-20th century (Thompson, 2017). The notion that artists have always been "postmodern" can be argued based on several key aspects. Firstly, several movements in the historical art world have incorporated the postmodernist concept of questioning authority and existing conventions (Zagorin, 1999). The Renaissance, for instance, witnessed artists like Leonardo da Vinci pushing the boundaries of traditional artistic techniques, challenging the established norms of the time (Kemp, 2007). Similarly, the Dada movement of the early 20th century rejected conventional artistic standards, embracing abstract and anti-art sentiments promoting postmodern tactics (Bonnett, 1992).
Secondly, artists have consistently demonstrated a willingness to experiment with diverse styles and mediums, reflecting the postmodern emphasis on rejecting a single, dominant artistic style. The works of Pablo Picasso, who moved through various artistic styles and periods, showcase this fluidity and rejection of artistic conformity (Walther et al., 2000). Lastly, intertextuality, a key postmodern concept, is reflected in how artists draw inspiration from and reference previous works. The use of mythological themes in classical art or the reinterpretation of biblical narratives in Renaissance paintings can be seen as early instances of intertextuality (Carron, 1988). Essentially, while the formal label of 'postmodernism' might be a recent addition to the art world's vocabulary, the historical trajectory of art reveals a consistent thread of challenging norms, embracing diversity, and engaging with intertextuality - which are all integral parts of the postmodern world. Artists, in their continuous evolution and rebellion against artistic expectations, have inherently embodied postmodern principles throughout the ages.
In conclusion, the historical context of art encapsulates a profound alignment with postmodern principles, extending far beyond the introduction of the formal term 'postmodernism' (Lyotard, 2016). The deliberate use of abstract and anti-art sentiments is a testament to artists' tendencies to employ postmodern tactics, challenging established norms and subverting conventional artistic expectations. The persistent willingness to experiment with diverse styles and mediums reflects a commitment to postmodern ideas, emphasizing rejecting a singular, dominant artistic style (Gaggi, 2015). Analyzing the scope of artists like Pablo Picasso, whose work changed over various styles and periods, showcases the fluidity and deliberate rejection of artistic conformity inherent in the postmodern approach.
The influence of postmodernism extends beyond traditional art and impacts today's media. In the current landscape, postmodern ideas take shape in various forms of media, shaping narratives, aesthetics, and the overall approach of storytelling (McRobbie, 2003). This includes deconstructing traditional storytelling structures and incorporating self-awareness in television, film, literature, and digital media. The various influences of intertextuality within the artistic realm, displayed in artists drawing inspiration from and referencing previous works, confirm that postmodern ideas have persisted throughout art history (KhosraviShakib, 2012). Intertextuality appears as a constant feature of artistic expression, whether it is shown in the Renaissance period of stories or the classical art movement, making use of mythological elements.
To finish, the roots of postmodernism run deep in art channels. Its influence continues to shape not only traditional artistic expressions but also the dynamic landscape of contemporary media. Artists, whether in traditional art forms or modern media, share a common understanding of challenging norms, embracing diversity, and engaging with intertextuality.
References:
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McGowan, J. (1991). Postmodernism and its Critics. Cornell University Press.
Slocombe, W. (2003). Postmodern nihilism: Theory and literature (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wales).
Is Community A Postmodern Masterpiece? | Idea Channel | PBS Digital Studios - YouTube. (2013). Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YanhEVEgkYI
Sparksman, K. (2020, July 24). Is Community is a postmodern masterpiece? Medium. https://sparksman.medium.com/is-community-is-a-postmodern-masterpiece-bc5227f6bada
Thompson, W. (2017). Postmodernism and history. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Zagorin, P. (1999). History, the referent, and narrative: Reflections on postmodernism now. History and theory, 38(1), 1-24.
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Carron, J. C. (1988). Imitation and Intertexuality in the Renaissance. New Literary History, 19(3), 565-579.
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Gaggi, S. (2015). Modern/Postmodern: A study in twentieth-century arts and ideas. University of Pennsylvania Press.
McRobbie, A., & Mcrobbie, A. (2003). Postmodernism and popular culture. Routledge.
KhosraviShakib, M. (2012). Inevitability of arts from intertextuality. Frontiers of Language and Teaching, 3, 183-189.